Free IT Tutorials at Evision Technoserve PvT Ltd

PHP Operators

PHP has different types of operators for different operations. They are as follows:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations.

Name	Operator	Example
Addition	+	$x + $y
Subtraction	-	$x - $y
Multiplication	*	$x * $y
Division	/	$x / $y
Modulus	%	$x % $y
Exponentiation	**	$x ** $y

2. Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to variables.

Name	Evaluated as
=	a = b
+=	a = a + b
-=	a = a - b
*=	a = a * b
/=	a = a / b
%=	a = a % b

3. Comparison Operators

These operators are used to compare two values.

Name	Operator	Example
Equal	==	$x == $y
Identical	===	$x === $y
Not equal	!=	$x != $y
Not equal	<>	$x <> $y
Not Identical	!==	$x !== $y
Greater than	>	$x > $y
Less than	<	$x < $y
Greater than or equal to	>=	$x >= $y
Less than or equal to	<=	$x <= $y
Spaceship	<=>	$x <=> $y

4. PHP Increment/Decrement Operators

These operators are used to increment/decrement a variable's value.

Name	Operator
Pre-Increment	++$x
Post-Increment	$x++
Pre-decrement	--$x
Post-decrement	$x--

5. PHP Logical Operators

These are the logical operators that combine conditional statements.

Name	Operator	Example
And	and	$x and $y
Or	or	$x or $y
Xor	xor	$x xor $y
And	&&	$x && $y
Or	\|\|	$x \|\| $y
Not	!	!$x

6. PHP String Operators

PHP has these two operators designed for strings.

Name	Operator	Example
Concatenation	.	$text1 . $text2
Concatenation Assignment	.=	$text1 .= $text2

7. PHP Array Operators

These operators are used to compare arrays.

Name	Operator	Example
Union	+	$x + $y
Equality	==	$x == $y
Identity	===	$x === $y
Inequality	!=	$x != $y
Inequality	<>	$x <> $y
Non-Identity	!==	$x !== $y

8. PHP Conditional Operators

These operators assign values to operands based on the outcome of a certain condition.

Name	Operator	Example
Ternary	?:	$x = exp1 ? exp2 : exp3
Null Coalescing	??	$x = exp1 ?? exp2